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2012-01-20T05:41:00.000-08:00

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2012-01-20T04:19:00.000-08:00

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Hindered Science

2012-01-20T03:10:00.000-08:00

A broadly accepted piece of misinformation tells that Earth is charged negative (so far so good), but that her atmosphere is electrically charged positive (wrong).

I have questioned a retired meteorologist on why he believes in a positively charged atmosphere. He explained that the atmosphere has been shown to be positive by repeated measurements for decades. We come to find out that he refers to voltage measurements taken between Earth ground and atmospheric potentials at various altitudes! That appears to be what has led him as well as a distinguished professor in Florida to make such statements about the electrostatic condition of our atmosphere. The poor fellow explained measurement technique simply as saying it was done using balloons, rockets and kites. Those measurements were simply voltage-drop measurements taken from effects of the Fair Weather Current flowing through the resistance of the atmosphere. Since I begged to differ despite the amazing fact that NASA scientists agree with him, he dismissed me as a pseudo-scientist and went his way.

Unhappily, it seems that when meteorologists post the ion density measurements obtained from rocket samplings, they determine the conductivity of their air samples by providing their own current supply through the samples and measure the resulting voltages. Since such conductivity varies with ion density (of either polarity), then they merely presume their ions to be positive because of their accustomed blunders and estimate those negative ions from their charts of conductivity versus positive ion concentrations.

This brings up the issue of pseudoscience. Pseudoscience will prevail in meteorology by brute force long beyond my time. Great store is held in that technology for the length of time that an item of misinformation has endured. Much like the business of antique furniture, a century of endurance is a premium milestone in the criteria. I must bow to the drive-by denigration from established science.

The nominal +100 volts per meter of elevation experienced by meteorologists measuring atmospheric voltage with respect to Earth ground tells unthinking scientists that they sense a positive charge upon the atmosphere. Actually, such a voltage gradient would not exist as a static condition because it would establish a field of attraction that would move charged particles until the field becomes nullified. Hence, voltage-divider action is being manifested by such samplings of voltage drop due to negative Fair Weather Current (FWC) flowing along the resistance of the atmosphere. Rising electrons demonstrate the earth's negative charge. The less negative potential appraised by such measurements are merely positive with respect to the surface of the earth which is known to hold a concentration of negative ions. Were it not for the prevailing negative bolts of lightning and negatively charged rain, there would be very much less FWC, and most of the globe's negative charge would reside upon the surrounding shell of electrons that reflect short-wave signals so well.

It was amazing to me that a meteorologist challenged the point of a forum discussion of this effect and another friendly scientist considered it irrelevant. To date, how can we not rate meteorology as a pseudoscience?

The joker in the deck

2011-07-22T17:18:00.000-07:00

The fact that lightning and negatively charged rain provide continued descent of electrons to earth should be telling us that our atmosphere is endowed with a huge surplus of electrons. Throughout our world, negative ions and electrons at any stratum are engaged in an equalized lateral spacing within the bubble-like locus of a spheroidal shell at that height. Lest we puzzle that such spacing should tend to increase unduly as we contemplate mutual repulsion, we need only factor in the consequential convergence of electrons that would necessarily result upon the other side of the earth as the consequence of any nearside over-spacing. Such an atmosphere hovers over the intense congestion of electrons within solid or watery surface below it and beneath a ponderous reservoir of electrons exaulted above it as a thin filmed bubble: Our ionosphere, or more appropiately, our electrosphere. Violent distortions batter the ionosphere. Repulsion by the sun tears it at the edge of darkness, pushing it downward on the day side and outward at night. It is supported up there only by repulsion from below, and owes its extreme altitude to the atmosphere’s density of negative ions. It drops sprites of electron flow when lightning discharge yanks the bottom out of such verticle support. It probably sags over the oceans where minimal Fairweather Current should be expected.

The default mechanism for storage of electrical energy in such an atmosphere is simply the forcing of existing negative ions or electrons into closer proximity. It seems justified to intuitively relate ion density with voltage that would be measurable between an unbiased reference inherent to material bearing equal counts of particles of either polarity. A virtual electrical circuit can be visualized between the zero ion density to be expected below our planet’s surface where any particles of electrical imbalance would retreat to surface or center, and above the ionosphere where a distant center of great gravity balances the predominately localized electrical repulsion. The electrical situation would be megavolts of negative voltage due to intense electron density at the planet’s surface, a coronal voltage drop encountered at the interface of surface and atmosphere, and a great minus to positive voltage drop between earth and the ionosphere as product of the resulting current source and atmospheric resistance. To the extent that electrons on the ionosphere remain at transiently fixed altitude testifies to electrical neutrality above it. Unimportant simplification is admitted to here as we ignore electrons detained enroute by intervening atoms and overlook the meager voltage drop encountered with the earth/atmosphere corona. Where neutrality is attributed to the verticle extremes, we take license to deem the seperated sites equivalent to each other. The whole point of posing the path as equivalent to an electrical circuit is to retread long-practiced circuit theory to a phenomenon that has somehow evaded attention. Similar logic entertains descent of electrons in a complementary equivalence. Electrical disturbances stash electrons into the earth where most travel to sites of greatest global electron congestion at elevated locations. Vigorous disruptions of vertical support for ionospheric electrons (i.e. lightning) spurs atmospheric refills from the ionosphere in the form of sprites and jets. Broadly distrubuted plantings of electrons (i.e. rain with significant negative electric charge) is more likely to provoke a mere sagging of the ionosphere.

We stand on “earth ground” synonymous with the electrician’s term for zero volts. It is easy to overlook that we are like birds on high tension wires: we step upon the highest gobal-scaled intensity of electron concentration for the planet. Assume “earth ground” to be minus three million volts. Then, any voltage reading we get with earth ground as our reference will display voltage difference between minus 3 megavolts and the voltage presented to our “hot lead”. Hence, a reading of +100 volts at our voltmeter would signify a minus 2, 999, 900 volts at the hot lead if we only knew. A voltage reading of zero would represent three megavolts to be presented to the hot lead. The bias voltage produced by imbalance of the polarities of charged particles contained by a planet can hardly be measured with a voltmeter. The red and black leads are soaking in the same soup. No difference voltage from such a source can exist! Ions that are free but not moving represent nothing about energy. They are just stuff. They don’t sting. They won’t bother you if you just leave them alone. A resting boulder turns no engines. A fluid environment of ions will distribute itself toward the nullification of all net forces of relative particle migration. It is the sorry lot of any planetary natives surrounded by negative ions that they will mistakenly recognize restorations from ionic disturbances as energetic manifestations of an environment of positive ions. The positive voltage they measure in their atmosphere is due, not to a paucity of electrons, but to a transient electric current that lasts forever because of charged particles that are eternally re-disturbed by dynamics of the atmosphere. Rocket scientists have been reduced to announcing the electrosphere to be electrically positive while meanwhile back at the ranch the electrosphere is composed of nothing but electrons! A caveat that here, by “electrosphere”, the intended subject is of the discrete reflecting mechanism that returns crisp short wave signals, not the big thick boiling bag of ions distributed about a broad range of altitude.

Delivering electrons downward is the endothermic process of pushing them against the force of global repulsion. Condensation of negatively ionized water vapor forces electrons/ions into closer quarters due to liquification and into further crowding as increased droplet size reduces proportion of the surface area to which ions are restricted. Global storage of electrical energy is increased with the fall of negatively charged rain as well as from electrons delivered to earth in lightning strikes.

As a thunderbolt becomes imminent, the effective nullification of intermolecular gravity as it is countered by electrostatic repulsion keeps outer surfaces of such raindrops from solidifying at temperatures as low as minus 40 degrees while the electrically neutral water within remains frozen. This has led to a somewhat popular belief that the rubbing of ice particles against supercooled water droplets is somehow what brings on all of the commotion of thunderbolts. After events of lightning, a relatively neutral electrical atmosphere remaining would most likely change supercooled droplets with frozen centers into clusters of graupel. We might expect some muddling of cause and effect to convince some of earth’s curious natives that graupel causes lightning.

Since electrons dwelling upon the outer extremes of these orbs have found their resting places, we can avoid the confusion of calling these particles a charge upon their hosts: The downward displacement of electrons constitutes the energizing process of endothermic migration. If we speak of "charging" as the energizing of a planet, the provision of excess electrons to the planet would fit the bill for any external influences. For internal influence, "charging" of a planet would be the inward displacement of the majority charge.

Electrons that have been pushed closer together represent an investment of potential energy. Nature’s favorite means of crowding electrons is found in the condensation of water vapor after it has absorbed its share of atmospheric electrons. Gathering scattered vapors into small particles of water or ice begins such phenomena, and further intensies of ion compression advances as such droplets merge or grow by any means, due to the fact that all such ionized particles become confined into the outer surfaces of their little hosts. Even as lightning unleashes this localized store of potential energy, global endothermic effects lodge part of that energy by virtue of continued descent of electrons away from the ionosphere. That outer shell of electrons represents vast reservoir of idle electrons that serve as infrastructure for forces that can push them down against their repulsion from the earth. The extreme limit for energy storage with a given electron is reached when that electron becomes embedded into earth surface as occurs with fall of a droplet of negatively charged rain or a normal stroke of lightning.

Dealing with our biased atmosphere

2011-06-27T13:11:00.000-07:00

We may be onto what has thrown meteorology a curve. Direct measurements of atmospheric potential with respect to Earth ground have demonstrated a gradient of some +100 volts per meter of elevation. Therefore, It has been perfectly natural for the shop talk to refer to an atmosphere of positive charge more or less. In fact, a distinguished professor has advanced an explanation that the surface of the earth holds a large negative charge and the that atmosphere holds an equal but opposite charge.

However, an old run-of-the-mill electronics technician has come along to reveal that those voltage measurements show nothing about the atmospheric bias voltage. The Fair Weather Current claimed to be of some two pico-amps of upward electron flow, more or less, through an atmosphere of some 50 giga-ohms of resistance per cubic meter. If I have this straight, such an electron flow through such a resistance produces a minus-to-positive voltage drop in the direction of electron travel of 100 volts. When rockets ascend to measure atmospheric voltage, they are simply measuring this IR drop across the resistance in the path of such rising electrons.

Kirchoff has mentioned that the algebraic sum of voltage around an electric circuit is zero. Hence, that Earth ground reference potential we access when measuring atmospheric potential is equivalent to millions and millions of negative volts.

It is hoped that this insight clarifies the mysteries of atmospheric lightning: A negatively biased atmosphere presents the means of storing energy, not by on the spot dislodging of electrons from water molecules, but by mere compression of negative ions into closer proximity. Not only do such processes find a readily prepared infrastructure for energy storage, but they lend themselves to successive reiterations toward development of intense voltages. If you compress a volume of anything, it remains right under your nose. Were charge separation the actual means, then the pulling-apart of anything is a spreading out of its volume. That makes it harder and harder to reiterate a process because you have to go all ways at once to recollect everything just so that you can spread it all out some more! As an analogy to the elasticity of rubber, our world squeezes the rubber ball instead of stretching the rubber band!

With our biased atmosphere, heat absorbed with the evaporation of water can be returned as electrical energy through an understandable process. This simpler reality negates the requirement of gathering more and more data for generation after generation. When it takes a lifetime just to count all of the data, no time is left to draw any conclusions from it.

Sun shining and spotting

2010-10-23T06:49:00.000-07:00

Sunspot activities demonstrate a normally suppressed regenerative trait of stellar plasma fusion: Plasma fusion leads to production of heat and increased heat increases fusion. Normally, a close regulation of luminosity is provided for our sun at the depths where fusion proceeds.

Temperature of fusing plasma becomes pegged to a single normal value for any given depth where the process occurs. The ideal gas law holds the product of pressure and volume proportional to temperature, and since solar pressure is normally fixed at any given depth, this leaves changes to the volume of fusing plasma alone to vary directly with any change of temperature. Any deviation from normal temperature adjusts the plasma’s volume in the same direction to thereby lift overbearing solar mass in response to overheating, or to permit its descent in response to cooling. Corresponding changes to rate of fusion with temperature circumvent regenerative activity by thus diverting output energy changes into the domain of potential energy instead of heat.

An exception to the constancy of the pressure/depth relationship comes about in the rotational center of swirling masses: The pull of centrifugal force upon such a vortex would reduce solar gas pressure in an extensive column that could penetrate depths given to normal fusion, which might be much more shallow than the central solar core. In consequence, fusion would decelerate to a point of severe underproduction.

In concert with central cooling of a vortex would be effects of a positive pressure gradient surrounding the vortex. At some radius, gas pressure would suffice for fusion that would not be enslaved to the gravitational give and take encountered in normal venues. A sheathing of plasma bearing relatively uncontained rates of fusion would expand into the collapsing center and upwards to break the surface as solar flares. Once the interior collapse subsides as vortex cooling approaches its limit, the sheathing-to-center flow of gasses becomes discontinued to afford normalization toward equilibrium.

A simple sun spot would dimple the surface because of the downdraft and be surrounded with superheated flares that would convey a normal excess of surface electrons upwards at such rates that magnetic fields would form and vary to produce the radio interference we hear so much about.

SUNSPOTS

2010-10-09T00:07:00.000-07:00

Insight upon sunspots and their associated solar flares came along as a gift when it came time to find out about hot fusion. Eventual comprehension came about for how such fusion is regulated without the obvious feedback presented by cold fusion. It hardly is expected to occur in the solar core where I expect a core of protons and other nuclei, but must restrict itself to sufficient depths to afford us such regularity. Restraint from destabilizing positive feedback comes from the heavy lifting of overbearing solar matter when an excess of fusion results from over-temperature within a strata. As a consequence, much of the additional energy is applied to the lifting effort accomplished by expansion produced by the heat component of the fusion delta. Global equilibrium is accomplished by the added height to surface imposed by the lifted matter as it bears upon any succeeding thermal rise.

Hence, any expansion due to warming builds up solar dimensions and compression due to cooling is met with compensating heat supplementation as solar matter descends. Isolated incidents of temperature variation might well thus remain under control even under chaotic storms of such thermal disturbance.

A consideration arose for conditions of adjacent bipolar variation whereby plasma compression produced nearby plasma expansion might permit unbridled overall fusion. The sole example of such perturbation seems the occasion of a vortex that would present a sustained pressure gradient. Bingo, that would produce a sunspot replete with solar flares surrounding a cooling central vortex. That would produce a galloping incident of excess fusion but not an unbridled one, because some gradual cooling rate and eventual cessation of contraction at the center would limit surrounding over temperatures and place eventual termination of rampant fusion.

A little browsing brought up an interesting study of a large sunspot. I was big enough of a dimple to nest the earth, and it was thought to have a vortex caused by the catch-all of magnetism. Clearly, very large rotating masses would necessarily contain such a vortex, and the sun's electric charge would supply electrons to climb consequential flairs to produce the magnetics involved. (So many causes do get muddled as effects and vice versa.)

It might be that this knowledge could increase our ability to predict specific sunspot activity.

Newfound Knowledge

2010-05-06T09:55:00.000-07:00

Recently published findings on Milky Way’s barred central bulge bring more credibility to our evaluation of the bulge as the galaxy’s proton dump. Peer review can’t confirm that for us because even our betters are still on the wrong track and are unlikely to come off it anytime soon. Come to find out, only two spiral arms predominate. They connect to the central bar that spans Milky Way’s expanding central bulge. (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7854--bar-at-milky-ways-heart-revealed.html)

The spheroidal bulge that contains protons held aloft from the galactic center by combination of orbital velocity and electrostatic repulsion must inherently be traveling at lesser tangential velocities than star field matter confronted at its immediate upper strata. (Material above would require greater velocity to hold equivalent altitude without the protons’ electrostatic boost.) Thus, the encroaching bulge was a growing proton bag of some 27,000 light years’ diameter, just about 270 centuries ago. (The estimated length of the central bar that was halfway here at the time.)

Introduction of stellar system material from both major spiral arms into the proton atmosphere through which it must travel throws braking resistance against influx velocity with consequential heating of the enveloping proton atmosphere to incandescence. Any material attached to neutrons, a planet or helium atom for instance, turns downward, guiding into a totally vertical drop toward the event horizon. Protons stripped from simple hydrogen join the galactic bulge itself. The bulge should extend its radius as protons whipped ahead by captured matter rise into higher orbits. Kinetic energy transfers into heat in all of this commotion, and perhaps some distributed fusion dubs in a little more glow as galactic matter marches down to the super-massive black hole below. As a matter of fact, dismantled stars don't chill out any too quickly.

The bulge may well have become too portly to ever perform again as a disk for polar jetting. Milky Way would more likely be harboring an electron bath around her black hole. Our polar jetting tale should hold up well enough for much younger galaxies, and there are hints that second childhood can overtake an older one.

Stable Arrays of Charged Particles

2009-10-25T23:30:00.000-07:00

We have reasoned that when global electric traction upon charged particles exceeds that for ionic recombination force within a charged body, the charged particles are subject to stable redeployment into polarized arrays. This concept has solved some unanswered questions and debunked some very peculiar answers presently embedded in scientific doctrine. It explains polar jets in a way that makes sense; lightning formation and distribution, the illusion of cosmic acceleration, solar corona temperatures, galactic central bulges, snowflake development, and the neutrino deficit. Being saddled with such discovery brings one into intensive compulsion to disclose his treasured findings before he hits the finish line.

Early on, it had been surprising to find no easy access for disclosure of such findings. Basic electronics expertise led to such a simple concept that nevertheless remained ignored until recent ventures into scientific forums. The watchword in such venues is to avoid Stigma. Unless one has something new, why would one want to report it? But if it is something new, then it is subject to being disqualified as something Off Mainstream. Forum moderators rush out shooting from the hip with anything but encouragement. A moderator’s negativity diminishes ones credibility before a mass of casual observers, but the exposure can advance a nobody from Ignored to Ridiculed on Mahatma Gandhi’s four-step ranking of progress. That leaves only two more steps to go. Even impaired exposure can bring on a perceptive thinker who might yet further the concept. Maybe some day even physicists will be playing with a full deck as a result.

Our ability to determine the polarity of Earth by treating it as a Faraday cage is our premise for identifying the polarity of the sun (Both are negative.) The term Faraday cage lends Earth the description of being coated with its majority charge, which is the polarity of transient charged particles, electrons, continuously being restored to the ionosphere as the Fair Weather Current. Earth is hence an environment in which positive charges migrate or propagate toward her center, and precious little can ever bring them back up unless Earth somehow sheds its negative charge.

We can drop the Faraday cage identity or analogy whatever at any time. Too many people are in charge of Faraday cages and too few understand them. We need know only that like charges repel and vice versa. Fruitless disagreements have emerged because the earth is not made of metal, it is not impervious to radiation, and other pointless quibble right or wrong, then no fair because it does have ions inside, and why can we get hit by lightning when we are inside (we are not quite).

Given: The majority charge of Earth is on her outside, and our meteorologists report seeing electrons sneaking out there all the time as negative FWC; so Earth is negative. The ionosphere is pushed down by noonday sun, showing the sun to be negative too. So then, both bodies have positive cores (This calls for respectful attention if you are counting neutrinos.) A forum moderator says he never heard of such a thing. I said that I said it because it seemed to be too unsaid. Why else would I ever say it?

EXOTHERMIC MIGRATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES

2009-10-01T03:36:00.000-07:00

[The author recently place this posting onto a scientific forum in hopes for greater feedback. Late this month of September 2009, a constructive although laconic response signaled some interest and reasoning upon the subject. The magic of such response was a cessation of the customary obtuse assault by the duty gatekeeper there, and an amelioration of such counterproductive administrations of standard dogma. It is strange that although most of the universe is composed of charged particles, a fearsome stigma is quickly assigned to anyone speaking of electrical influence upon cosmic architecture.]

One broadly accepted concept in electronics is Michael Faraday’s notion that the entire charge placed onto a conductive body is to be found upon its outer surface. I agree with that notion and would like to suggest a mind-experiment for others who share that understanding.

An electrically isolated bucket capturing negatively charged rainwater falling from the sky would store all excess electrons upon its outer conductive surface. They would have migrated there from within due to mutual repulsion. Hence, charged particles would have traveled from where they had been to where they were going. Therefore the entire physical host could be viewed as a body that presented traction for those particles to accomplish an exothermic excursion. As a result, rainwater within the bucket’s interior would have become electrically neutralized. Once all the particle motion is completed, electricity is more of a matter about matter than about energy. If, under these conditions, an ionization event were to separate an electron from a molecule of water, the cloven molecule would present an attraction between its erstwhile pieces: traction toward reunification. But if particle separation were sufficient to render traction of reunification subordinate to systemic traction of the host upon the electron, then the electron would move toward the outer surface of the bucket, leaving a particle of positive charge behind. Fundamental to basic principles of electricity, existing systemic traction of the host would propagate or move the positive particle into opposite direction from that of the electron, hence it would seek out the electrical center of the bucket of rainwater.

Since excursions of either charged particle brought on by ionization would be exothermic, no pent-up forces such as those involved with a charged capacitor become involved to destine any reversal of the migrations described above. Ongoing repetitions of such phenomena represent transfer processes that change micro electric formations (atoms) to stable macro electric formations (including some that we see almost every day or night).

RIDICULED AT LAST

2009-09-26T15:22:00.000-07:00

"First they ignore you, then they ridicule you, then they fight you, then you win."
Mahatma Gandhi

The quest here is to present a credible disclosure of the simple theory of exothermic migration of charged particles. Practical implications of such phenomena are being presented too as they reveal themselves. After six years of being ignored, your informant has vaulted into stage two: Ridiculed at last!

A posting onto a scientific forum belabored the migration of charged particles that must befall a Faraday cage in order for the charge to restrict itself to the outer surface. For the case in point, a negatively charged Faraday cage, it was ventured that an electron freed incidental to an ionization could fail to recombine with its erstwhile partner due to being caught up in the same migration process applying to other electrons. For such a case, we can be sure that the positive ion would feel traction to the electrical center of the Faraday cage. From six decades of experience with electronics, I can promise that this would be true, but my ploy was to find out what it is that the experts cannot understand about mutual repulsion! It seemed to work pretty well. The expert physicist came after me, and after a bit of ridicule, stated that the interior has no electric field from the charge on the exterior.

Well, the arrangement of any two electrons in the universe presents a force of repulsion between them, and talk of fields is just gobbeldy gook that at best just rolls right off one’s back. Vague reference to fields is either from something pounded into the heads of young physicists or it was just ginned up to refute a conclusion beyond that scientist’s comprehension. Common sense allows that an electron far enough above the positive ion is indistinguishable from an excess electron for the hosting body. Also, we all give in to B. Franklin’s suggestion that our conventional electric current is a reverse motion of particles of positive charge. Of course the positive ion is pulled toward the center.

No physicists who value their jobs want the political stigma of acknowledging stable exothermic migration of electrical particles. It was found by a nobody, makes fools of them and their alma maters, and would put the kybosh on many a big boondoggle.

A SIGNIFICANT IMPLICATION OF REPOLARIZATION

2009-08-23T05:12:00.000-07:00

Almost all of us realize that we describe most matter as composed of charged particles. If a learned physicist states that the universe has no electrical charge, you need not believe. His belief system is entangled with protocols that support notions of group thinking as though there ever could be such a thing. It seems that our scientists believe there to be an equal number of particles of either polarity in the universe and that the polarities strive for balanced distribution everywhere! How could that possibly be when they know of polar jets sending beams of electrons projecting out thousands of light years along a galactic rotational axis? The militant aggression suppressing debate over electrical influence upon cosmic architecture is presently stagnating scientific progress. Some of the silent ones must nevertheless suspect the truth.

An isolated body can tolerate any mismatch of its charged particles simply because those particles in majority simply repel each other into maximum separation by fleeing separately to the very outskirts of the hosting body. An enormous error hampers today's celebrated scientists because they lack sufficient experience to understand electricity! Perhaps because no perfect insulator might ever be found, they might conclude that no permanent static cling exists and have banished electrostatic force as a cosmic contender. Such enormous folly places discoverers of the contradictory truth as being Against The Mainstream whereby militant control freaks stigmatize them as mere cranks beneath their contempt.

Yet, a fool can see that in any electrical host, be it a raindrop or galaxy, where an atom is rent into oppositely charged particles, the particles involved will ultimately respond to the algebraic sum of all forces involved. The local attraction toward reunification of electrons with nuclei can be overcome by any stronger global traction, bringing majority charges to disperse outwardly and minority charges to converge. Such exothermic activity within a star is what supplies its core with naked nuclei and centers them for optimum compression toward ultimate stellar fusion with a little bit of electrostatic thrust added to that of the immense gravity so availed. The actual exclusion of electrons from the site of stellar fusion contradicts the scientists' myth that one electron is lost for every positron taken from the material domain. That contradiction of electrical parity enables comprehension of the host of revelations exclusively available in this blog and much much more to follow.

An awesome band of scientists has overlooked this simple incidental property of any Faraday cage. Mutual repulsion of like-charged particles leads to repulsion of particles of the majority polarity and to the gathering of those in minority into central portions of their physical hosts. A recent realization here has been that the minority charge of a first generation bright galaxy constitutes that formation's central bulge, one and the same as the so called accretion disk for the galaxy's central black hole. We will see that this bulge contains a bubble of dark matter that glows so brightly that its content goes unsuspected! Such is our lot when we describe a material prior to having any knowledge about it. Such positively charged bodies are so devoid of fusion that instead they glow only from heat of friction and compression, ie as they avalanche toward a black hole. That galactic bulge is a mass of protons that have been propelled there by systemic exothermic traction into a common galactic dumping ground that continues to dilate, enfolding and destroying stellar systems in its outward extension. It grows even by lateral attraction of extragalactic proton strays that are drawn to the center of a galaxy's negative rim. Such drastic influence within the bulge is accomplished by a global traction that exceeds the nuclear hold of an atom upon its orbiting electrons. Those electrons are ripped away and propelled to the rotational axis of the proton disk after the pattern of a bottle brush. Most of the remaining nuclei are single protons that join the galactic bulge in its orbit.

TAXING HURRICANE STRENGTHS

2009-08-23T04:37:00.000-07:00

Again, cosmology begins at home. Ignorance of our world around us carries over into our astrophysics. Our atmosphere is chock-full of the negative ions that bring us lightning, but our meteorologists cannot get off the first tee for all their search for charge separation. Our Fair Weather Current (FWC) is a dead giveaway that Earth is a big Faraday cage with a negative charge but we are taxed to fund grants seeking an easier answer for experts to understand. It is no wonder, that from the garbled dogma embedded in our meteorology, that we move on to really play the fool further out in space.

A zero Volt difference measured between two points in the atmosphere simply indicates that equal superabundance exists for negative ions at both points. A difference in voltage for such a measurement would indicate that the more negative meter terminal connects to a more intensified superabundance of ions and/or the more positive meter terminal connects to a more rarefied superabundance of ions.

It is interesting to observe that hurricanes muster their strength over maritime surfaces which is where relatively little lightning is produced. Ironically, the energy drain afforded by lightning is considerably denied to such storms of dangerous and damaging proportions. Our realization of the effect we here call exothermic repolarization enables us to recognize means to encourage lightning when and where storms are gathering.

Our propositions for using ionizers might well rival some published plans, such as oiling of the seas, routing of air traffic for emplacement of contrail shadows, regulation of agriculture, and steering of winds away from favored populations by microwaving eyes of the storms.

Electrical energy can quickly depart from storm sites and it disengages from the storming violence sustained by heat.

OUR GREAT HERITAGE OF BUM DOPE

2009-08-22T04:50:00.000-07:00

Earth is part of the cosmos, and most of our false science started right down here. Our National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tells us all about how graupel (flying slush) brings on lightning. Actually, the electrical conditions that bring on lightning also happen to bring on the formation of graupel As ice crystals attain greater charge during a storm, the negative ions, which are all restricted to the surface of the crystals, overcome more of the gravitational action that has produced the crystallization, and the surface water can liquefy at temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. When the ion density has reached such levels that such supercooled liquid water is present, another effect of the electricity is production of lightning bolts.

Crediting the graupel for bringing on lightning is like explaining that pain can break bones! One good kick in the butt can bring pain. Successive kicks in the butt can break the butt. But it is the kicks in the butt that does the breaking, not the pain.

NEWFOUND KNOWLEDGE

2009-07-19T01:45:00.000-07:00

Upon comparing our model of Milkyway to the Hoag Object, a sloppy oversight of ours showed up: when a galaxy evens up its count of charged particles and shifts to a positive charge, that is moment that defangs its so called accretion disk. That great wheel of protons is then no longer repelled toward the galactic center by attraction of the galaxy's negative rim. The respective equality of both sets of charged particles brings on their mixing that presents refurbished hydrogen in classic atomic material format.

Surviving stars can flourish then, and the makings of new stars would present an imitation of the Hoag Object. Negative galactic charge would resume and the galactic bulge would be gone. Transverse motion of descending protons would survive the quadrature force of electrical galactic traction to thus orbit the central black hole. Again a disk of protons would stake out an inner domain of dark matter, but by that time we might have a better name for that matter.

Curious as to how scientists oblivious to electroconcentric repolarization could fancy an explanation for galactic bulges, we encountered an even greater mystery. Astrophysicists had pointed us to the explanation that the bulge was composed of stars in random orbit. The ironic glowing of that extreme dark matter suggested stellar fusion to them and thus mainstream science accepted the idea of sustained random orbiting as an alternative to consideration of electrical properties to the universe! It seems that when the true description is unattainable, such a vacuous speculation is left standing because no contrary description supports its rebuttal. We have supplied alternative description to that of a ball of stars sharing a common center with diverse rotational axes.

STELLAR FUSION

2009-05-02T04:11:00.000-07:00

Nature seems to have a novel approach to nuclear fusion. Her stars bring forth energy from within their central cores from where any plasma (all the rage in JET and ITER) would be displaced by an arrangement of protons and any other stuff found inside of atoms, mostly of the hydrogen variety. Severe global traction would have removed any electrons long ago, and if that were not enough, positrons would ferret them out anyhow if they did have any hiding places down there in the middle of the stars up there.

Nature's trick of doing fusion without electrons (an essential ingredient of plasma) precludes electrical parity in the process: positrons decline such suttee for erstwhile electron counterparts. There is no way. Your informant skipped school to slop the hogs and missed out on a lot of bum dope in the process.

Now that is why the universe has a negative charge today, but the plot thickens as we go, for if positrons can quit out and leave energy behind in their place, thus adding cosmic negative charge, then how can we be so sure that energy never converts back to positrons?

FAIR WEATHER CURRENT (FWC)

2009-04-19T04:15:00.000-07:00

Someday, that right book written by the right people at the right time and at the right place might revise its present estimates of electric current between earth and sky; upwards by several orders of magnitude. A little truth here and there makes for a better science.
Some solar energy following various endothermic paths becomes stored as electrical energy by displacement of electrons from the electrosphere onto the the earth's solid and liquid surfaces. Much of that electrical charging occurs during rainstorms with the fall of negatively charged precipitation and lightning discharges throughout the globe. Those surface electrons are joined by others from below in what this blog describes as a repolarization process. These electrons are detained along the surface by gravity, and become distributed to the atmosphere by their mutual repulsion into apportionment favoring high ground AKA distance from the electrostatic center of the earth. Therefore, we may contemplate various intensities of negative ion populations along the global surface, running from almost nothing atop the oceans, especially near the poles or at low tide in troughs between the waves; to maximums atop great mountain ranges.

Release of electrons from those populations to the atmosphere would surely vary according to electrical intensity and other surface factors such as temperature and texture of the terrain. Fair Weather Current, considered as the negative flow of such particle release, entails the migration of electrons from where they had been to where they are going. For any amount of electrons to have been where they were in the first place, they would have had to tarry. Electrons tarry halfway up a mountain or in a pit about as well as water tarries halfway down or at the peak. Hence there might be sufficient FWC to poach an egg atop Mount Kilimanjaro but nary a picoamp per square meter at the North Pole once we melt the ice away.

Sadly, a revered tome proffered to advanced scholars of meteorology appraises global FWC at a total current of some one thousand Amperes. That figure would be taken from fallacious measurements taken from the ocean-going sailboats Maude and Carnegie. Their typical peak FWCs of some 2 picoamps measured per square meter of ocean surface taken as the global average for the 0.51 billion square kilometers of Earth's surface brought them to estimate total FWC as some one thousand Amperes. Ask an electroplater how easy it is to plate the inside of a ring!
A century-old blunder haunts and corrupts the lore of our scientific doctrine.

Corrected estimates of FWC could offer useful insight on how we might abate the ferocity of hurricanes. If we could encourage lightning on the open seas, we would be dispersing energy from monstrous storms and thereby pulling its punches.

SNOWFLAKES

2009-04-12T15:05:00.000-07:00

The pronounced negative bias of Earth's atmosphere contributes to the formation of snowflakes. Typically. beginning with the six corner points of an initial ice crystal, those points constitute a symmetrical pattern of negative ion concentrations that beckon to relatively positive atmosphere to draw flow of moist air upon the central hub of the crystal.

As natural electrical phenomena equalize distribution of moisture and electrons from the hub, primarily to the six vertexes, extreme ion density is developed upon tips of condensed moisture that are drawn to fine points by electrostatic repulsion. Those pointed strands remain liquid until further condensation covers them, thereby lifting away the ionic congestion that prevents solidification, and so the snowflake grows.

Those sharp tips on snowflakes encourage corona discharge to such extent that lightning is rarely encountered within a snowfall.

PLEASE CONSULT OLDEST POST FIRST

2009-04-04T06:10:00.000-07:00

The March 2 posting: ANOTHER FORCE establishes an essential premise.

A. Dale Miller

HOW NOT TO SPIN A BLACK HOLE

2009-03-31T05:31:00.000-07:00

Since it isn't easy to keep astrophysics right down to Earth, the layman needn't hang his hat on all of its lore. Taking a little latitude right now, your informant proposes that black holes don't spin as much as some folks might suppose.

As far as magnetism goes, it should suffice that a slowly rotating accretion disk would do that job just fine. It makes up for low rotation by its generous radius of who knows how many light years, cranking googol after googol of protons around a galaxy's axis.

Suspicions arose upon contemplation of the inner dimensions to the disk of protons involved. All loose protons located below the rim would represent commensurate endothermic displacement for the distance involved, all the way down to the event horizon. The electrical charging in terms of such displacement would seem to have been derived from energy of the original orbital velocity of the particles. At one extreme, all such kinetic energy would have been extracted once a charged particle halts above the event horizon amidst the deadlocked tug of war between the black hole and the rim of its accretion disk. A momentary neutralization from an electron tips the scale, affording acceleration into the singularity, reacquiring a kinetic form of energy untainted by tangential momentum. Short of such an extreme, all protons, to the extent that they are depressed from the rim of the accretion disk, manifest electrical storage of energy taken from kinetic energy of orbital revolution.

Calling the initial premise of these blogs "electroconcentric macropolarization", "Myrtle Effect", or whatever; the forsaken electrical effects on cosmic architecture should work wonders for any dedicated scholars humble and generous enough to heed these clumsy explanations.

GALACTIC HEIR TO UNSPENT HYDROGEN

2009-03-27T05:15:00.000-07:00

Hydrogen is still the cosmic default flavor of the day because its atoms so outnumber everything else. A consequential phenomenon as hydrogen orbits a black hole is that obstructs the orbits of the denser particles of other, neutron bearing atoms that travel at speeds above that default velocity.

The profoundly positive charge of central accretion disks brings us to an extreme. As it expands to encroach upon a stellar system, it dispatches negative surface charge in a jiffy and dismantles molecular structure by the same means. The nuclear remains become lofted above the point of capture due to additional lift by galactic traction, but neutron bearing particles to a lesser degree, and those pieces feel the proton drag. Outer protons attain their elevation above the black hole from tangential velocity native to the captured matter augmented by newfound electrostatic repulsion. Imediately below such strata would be protons traveling at a reduced increment of velocity and endowed with endothermic displacement from the outer rim. A proton at that level would have momentarily lost galactic repulsion by neutralizing effect from passing proximity of an electron being snatched from yet higher up as the disk relentlessly expands. Such a step-down represents sacrifice of some tangential velocity in exchange for endothermic displacement (virtual electrical charge) manifested by its reduced altitude. And so it goes along the radius to the galactic rotational axis. But such smearing would be irrevalent jitter, with electrical charge responding with its own exothermic bounce to liberate the proton back to the higher strata. The catch is in the geometry of convergence of electron patterns imploding toward the rotational axis. A dynamic smearing effect on proton locations procedes with increased electrical tension toward the center being offset by increased incidence of electron interference at such positions.

The gradient of energy distribution thus runs from maximum tangential velocity at outer limits with minimal virtual electrical charge there; to maximum virtual electrical charge at the center with minimal velocity as a proton approaches the event horizon. This might tell us that black holes do not get as dizzy as one might expect.

At some time far beyond our future, that distant accretion disk amidst the Milky Way will have gobbled its way out to our sun or whatever remains of it. It will trash it; sending most of our electrons to real outer space, keeping nearly all of the ionic hydrogen, and stuffing everything else into our supermassive black hole, even the internet. The good news is that when the Milky Way goes dark, it will no longer be under acceleration.

WHY THERE IS LIGHTNING

2009-03-19T08:48:00.000-07:00

It is unknown here that findings disclosed in any of these posts can be found anywhere else. That is why they are being presented here. Therefore, any students obliged to please a teacher should treat this information as contraband heresy.

Several characteristics of water brings that substance to the forefront in the natural making of lightning. These charactristics combine with a significant ambient ion density to enable water to host exchanges of atmospheric energy. Water is plentiful, it possesses the highest specific heat of any common substance in our environment, it enters and departs from the atmospheric mixture under common fluctuation of conditions that influence its changes of state, and it involves a significant amount of latent energy.

This is easy when you know that the atmosphere is loaded with negative ions. The default explainers of our world are still bogged down with scratching up electrons or ions as though they represent energy. They are just matter and they come with the house so to speak. Water vapor freshly rejoining the atmosphere undergoes a process of adaptation under appropriate circumstances before it acquires the normal atmospheric ionic density. Electrons rising due to Fair Weather Current tend to nullify the virtual positive electrical charge imposed by fresh vapor, but such emission varies widely according to surface elevation, texture and temperature, etc. Thus, meager electron emissions of a pico amp or so per square meter occur from ocean surfaces, even at high tide, and an unsuspected bounty of electrons flows from high or pointy surfaces. (That would seem to explain the meager lightning at sea compared to that occurring inland.)

Saddled with a vast population of negative ions, our atmosphere spaces them out for stratified equidistant ionic juxtaposition around the globe. Electrical energy is stored within this medium by encroaching upon such equidistance, whereby ions subjected to further crowding would represent a virtual negative charge, and ions afforded additional spacing would represent a virtual positive charge.

We hereby review a scenario demonstrating natural development of high negative voltages. Some 540 Calories of heat energy are invested in the change of state for each liter of water evaporating into the atmosphere. Upon normalization of ionic density for such vapor, much of that latent energy is subject to conversion into storage as electrical energy upon condensation of the vapor as in the formation of rain. This is because the condensation process brings the water molecules and ions closer to each other. Mutual repulsion of the ions resisting increased proximity demands absorption of latent energy for the endothermic process of crowding negative ions together. Thus, heat energy introduced from sunshine becomes electrical energy stored upon surfaces of forming raindrops. (The little things perform as Faraday Cages: ions being confined to outer surface, excluded from inner content.) As raindrops grow, whether by merging with each other or by additional condensation upon existing droplets, the ionic density has doubled when the volume has increased by a factor of eight. (That is because total ion count follows the volume factor, and it would be distributed upon a surface increase of only four.)

Condensation and freezing of water occur under cooling conditions whereby chilled vapor molecules fall below escape velocity from each other and liquid molecules fall below mutual orbital velocity. There is an interesting side effect upon raindrops with increasing electric charges. Electrostatic repulsion of the negative ions diminishes the effects of intermolecular gravity so that vapor molecules remain at escape velocities at the usual dew point and they maintain orbital speeds at the usual freezing point. This confronts our meteorologists with issues concerning supersaturation and supercooled liquid water. Remember, that these ions restrict themselves to the skin of the raindrops until they let go. When a rainstorm has charged up tantamount to producing thunderbolts, a raindrop's outer layer can remain liquid down to temperatures around minus forty degrees Celsius, although ice would have been forming inside as soon as droplet temperatures fall below zero degrees (Updrafts incidental to such storms account for such routine chilling.) Cause and effect gets turned around a lot when experts take up on these matters.

SWEATING THE SMALL STUFF

2009-03-15T16:05:00.000-07:00

Hear tell that the LHC may start up in June of 2009. Explanations of our safety from consequential mini black holes are far over the laymans' heads. We wee folk must just cross our fingers and not to worry about the slack we find twixt truth and tales from the annointed.

Heeding repolarization, we can know they don't know of Earth's positive core that would early-on delay any conspicuous implosion of both hemispheres in the name of science.

A train of mini black holes filing down to Earth's center one second apart, gobbling up matter all the way down, would leave us saying "so far so good" right up to their assimilation of the last lonesome protons. Only until then would a conglomerate little black hole decline further feeding by repelling its would-be repast. Old Fort Knox would meet the Taj Mahal and China's Great Wall.

Don't really know, but am taking my last chance to say so.

DOUBTS FOR COSMIC ACCELERATION

2009-03-15T03:42:00.000-07:00

Dark matter has been proclaimed as cause for so many black dots in our night sky. Here, we believe that a lot of darkness is caused by reverse polarity on celestial bodies that causes nuclear fuel to be spread out on the surface instead of being lumped up in the middle and squeezed. When a star has been freshly captured by a galactic accretion disk, it has become positively charged in a big way but it will still glow until it cools down, and will soon enough deserve the title "Dark Matter". The important point is that the term is used broadly and should not make anyone angry.

Please note that cosmic acceleration has been declared by scientists who can be considering nothing but very visible matter that must indeed bear negative charge, just like the universe. That is what repolarization is all about! Matter bearing the majority cosmic charge (negative) receives cosmic traction toward the cosmic outskirts 24/7. It follows that matter bearing the cosmic minority charge (positive) receives cosmic traction toward the site of Big Bang. Its a wash! Objects of either polarity are simply in the process of exchanging places with each other.

Hence, just maybe we can put our trust back into gravity. Nature is tricky and has shown us but half of the story.

GRAND SCALE REPOLARIZATIONS

2009-03-11T04:51:00.000-07:00

Version 1: modified 3/28/09

STARS
The negative charge revealed for the sun simply by common knowledge of Fair Weather Current here on Earth brings us to logical determination that the core of any functioning star is a balled-up cluster of nuclear material. We know that most of that core is of solitary protons and that it is devoid of electrons. Electrons missing from such remnants of hydrogen would be accounted for as being spread out atop the star amongst the stellar surplus that gives the orb its negative charge. Such electrons lurk within negative ions in upper stellar atmosphere or hover above the incandescent gasses as a great negative bubble suspended electrostatically by net global repulsion against the pulls of gravity and the attractive charge of the central core. We could term that bubble as an electrosphere (comparable to Earth's) if that nomenclature has not been grandfathered for something else.

Everything stacks up and many longstanding mysteries are dispelled if we assume that when matter transfers into energy, particles of positive charge have been reduced in number. No electrons even bear witness to such atrocities where and when they happen within stellar cores. The squeezing that brings protons together is strongest right where global electrostatic traction has delivered the ready fuel. As fusion occurs, consequential reduction in particles of positive charge at the core of the star releases comparable numbers of electrons from stellar grasp to produce a predominately negative stellar wind. Introduction and release of electrons from the electrosphere would keep its contents busy satisfying their necessary equidistance from each other, to the extent that the resulting jiggle of electric current might sufficiently heat that electrosphere to account for those high temperature stellar coronas mysteriously exceeding ambient gas temperatures of the stellar surface. Another Holy Grail for the first soul to say so.

GALAXIES
Since it is always daytime everywhere around a star, a lot of electrons overflow from each one of them, supplying bright galaxies with substantial negative charges at their rims. As a result, assuming plentiful occasions for ionization; protons and other particles bearing positive charge must always be converging inwardly in all bright galaxies.

Now, in our Milky Way, coveting the greater prize on the other side, protons scorn the closest arc of its rim to covet greater share of the attractive galactic rim beyond, until at half way across, equalization of both fore and aft attraction terminates further migration. Long ago, when the galaxy was but a ball of gas, the sole proton to ever reach the center led runner-ups that joined as a hollow sphere of protons surrounding that point while remaining asunder. That sphere grew to define a region of dark matter below, flattened out with the galaxy, and serves now as greedy maw for the black hole it has cultivated at its center. It is undertaking a coup de grace that will, far in the future, turn Milky Way into another black dot in the night sky of other worlds. That is the accretion disk to our super massive black hole. It maintains slow but perpetual growth from steady migration of positive particles out of a field of some 50 thousand light years' radius and occasions of monstrous growth as it encroaches upon stellar systems, always jetting most electrons into the void, pocketing all of the single protons, and dumping everything else into the black hole. No, Virginia, the black hole doesn't come first.

A menace to simplicity arises in contemplation of a variable skew between gravitational and electrostatic centers of a galaxy. Our super massive black hole holds an existing wheel of protons in orbit, but conceivably independent wanderings of the galactic electrostatic and gravitational centers takes the matter out of our hands. By and large we can still get the feel of it all without getting too far off base.

Our accretion disk serves as a proton motel where none check out. It engulfs a star to drag electrons down for disposal via polar jet, swelling itself to encircle a greater share of the galaxy until the last act when it will be dismissing electrons from the galaxy faster than remaining stars can replace them with their overflow. Soon after that it will nullify the negative galactic charge and terminate fusion for the remaining stars.

BLACK HOLES AND POLAR JETS

2009-03-08T09:19:00.000-07:00

Version 1: Modified 3/28/09
Version 2 Modified 6/6/09

We have alluded to the positive core of stellar bodies, and will get back to that in a later post. Letting it suffice to describe stellar fusion as an issue of positron depletion, we borrow credence that shining galaxies bear an excess of electrons. Hence, systemic traction for charged particles in shining stars and in outer portions of shining galaxies is outward for electrons and inward for particles of positive charge. There is no escape for such positive particles from an active galaxy. They descend to an ever-increasing accretion disk which has become an orbiting body of protons whirling around a super massive black hole that was nothing more than the center of gravity for the disk in the first place, or of the sphere that the disk had been at the time.

Beneath the rim of this accretion disk lies a domain of dark matter by virtue of regional positive majority charge: systemic traction strives to elevate particles of positive charge and to drive electrons down to the rotational axis. At any elevation within the disk, a proton holds its radial position in part from centrifugal force and in part from electrostatic repulsion. Protons at the rim of the disk are at electrostatic rest, held aloft from the black hole by its transverse velocity ergo centrifugal force. Protons gain displacement down from the rim as kinetic energy converts to virtual electrical charge under the influence of descending electrons sweeping across the orbital proton paths. Positive ionic density tapers down with descent due to increased electron density brought on by convergence.

As the accretion disk continues to grow, its rim intervenes upon any neutral matter such as to be found in stellar systems or dust in orbit around the singularity, to rip away electrons with its severe electrostatic traction. It thus showers the protons below with momentary neutralizations as perhaps they take an occasional encirclement. During such neutralization of a proton at any given level, it has lost its electrostatic share of lift, to fall a tiny way before re-ionization. Thereby, kinetic energy has given way to increased storage of electrical energy as the proton finds itself driven farther from its quest of the rim. Each such incident steps the proton to lower radial position on the disk and to a reduced velocity. Given the influence of a sufficient unrelenting wash of descending electrons, a proton could be driven as far down as the event horizon, or anywhere between. The overall result is a smearing of proton wind that confounds orbital suspension for heavier particles to be conveyed into the event horizon. When "feeding time" is over, the charged portion should thin down and stretch out as though a casted noose extending out in pursuit of more distant star systems. After roping another victim, a new supply of descending electrons spreads the disk out to filter more food into the black hole, and the galaxy gets reamed out some more.
No such rigmarole impedes the fall of any neutron-bearing atom. The crowd of protons poses an atmospheric resistance for any other atoms, serving to winnow any other substance into the event horizon except for separate electrons with their stated immunity. The accretion disk thus conveys all other matter into the black hole, but hoards its protons until they can eventually nullify or overturn the negative galactic majority charge.

We seem to have blundered into seeing how black holes can grab stars that seem safely hidden far away in orbit. Meanwhile, about those electrons laid down onto the extended rotational axis of the accretion disk: they repel away along that axis under extreme control of a very large focusing anode whereby the resulting beam maintains equidistance from all around the mean effective electrostatic circle of the disk. The columns of electrons departing from a point short of the singularity might offer imperative escape paths for mounting temperatures of convergence, and momentary endothermic emergence of positrons could provide for timely explosive energy dispatch outside of the event horizon.

ELECTRICAL INFLUENCES UPON COSMIC ARCHITECTURE

2009-03-05T15:05:00.000-08:00

The significance of repolarized matter (electrically reformatted from classic atomic format) is the predictable shape it assumes within material clusters. The spherical shape taken by gas clusters of low rotational velocity would result in hollow outer shells bearing particles of the majority electrical polarity, each centered within by a spherical formation of particles of the minority polarity. Where rotational velocity suffices to flatten a cluster into a disk, electrical particles of the majority polarity would favor the rim of such a disk and particles of the minority polarity would tend to extend as a filament along the rotational axis under the centering influence of the rim.

Predominately spherical clusters of hydrogen gas bearing negative charge would tend to form stellar candidates by exclusive virtue of holding fusible material at their central cores. A disk of such electrical charge would tend to develop polar jetting of positive core material aligned along its rotational axis and projected under influence of a focusing cathode formed at its rim.

Conversely, hydrogen clouds bearing positive charge would keep spherical forms in darkness by precluding fusion through their holding of negative cores; and as disks, would align electrons along their rotational axes to repel them as beams under influence of the rim acting as a focusing anode.

Another Force

2009-03-02T07:18:00.000-08:00

Posted by Dale Miller

We have such oodles and oodles of data nowadays that surely many conclusions are due to us just from incidental appraisal of evidence already at hand. It does seem that we can now critique popular reports of cosmic acceleration, explain snowflake and lightning formation processes, describe the workings of polar jets, and deduce how super massive black holes snare stars that had been orbiting them. This posting attempts to break such ground with revelation of a forsaken force in cosmic architecture.

Contemplation of M. Faraday's ice pail suggests that charged particles can and do become rearranged for indefinite periods of time. We might describe such phenomena as electroconcentric repolarization. The effect represents a migration of particles that results in altered situations for the materials involved. Therein lies Another Force. A good local example of such material shifting might be the meteorologist's FWC (Fair Weather Current) whereby electrons travel up through the atmosphere to our electrosphere AKA ionosphere. Most electronics technicians should suppose this current to demonstrate that the earth has more negative particles than positive ones, and the consequential negative charge resides at the earth's outer limits in keeping with Faraday's demonstration.

It follows that positive charges travel or propagate downward to the center of our planet. Gravity must suffice to withhold those extra electrons from earthly departure. Given the electrostatic traction afforded such particles, it also follows that any ionizing event that reduces an ion's pull upon its displaced electron to less than the pull of global traction will yield that electron to the electrosphere. The added positive charge propagated to Earth's core provides the additional holding required for the added electron enlisted into the electrosphere, but we can know that neither transition represents a storage of energy because the excursions are taken exothermically. Despite the semantic hazard of the charged particles involved then, there is no energy invested by the rearrangement; hence there is no concern about imperfect insulation. Your informant remains unaware of any limit to the ratio of electrons thus retained electrically to those under gravitational restraint, nor of any limit to the size of a Faraday cage.

If no one shows us that repolarization doesn't happen, we will get back soon with some more of the story.